Variable Recurring Payments (or VRPs for short), are a hot topic in Financial Services right now, as the Open Banking Implementation Entity (OBIE) launches its consultation into their effectiveness, alongside Sweeping. If you work outside of the sector, chances are you haven’t heard of them, however, with the obvious benefit to consumers and businesses alike, it’s worth familiarising yourself now.
What is a Variable Recurring Payment (VRP)?
In a nutshell, Variable Recurring Payments allow customers to safely connect authorised payments providers (PISPs) to their bank account so they can make payments on the customer’s behalf, offering more control and transparency than existing alternatives such as direct debits and card payments.
What is Sweeping?
Sweeping (which is enabled by VRPs), is the automated movement of funds for a customer between two accounts in their name. There are many examples of where this could be used, such as Sweeping funds from a current account to a savings account, or a current account to a loan account - the possibilities are endless, and more examples are covered below.
“VRPs and Sweeping form an exciting relationship to make personal finances run more effectively, encourage easier saving and ultimately make money work harder for the individual.”
What are the benefits of VRPs and Sweeping?
This is where it gets genuinely exciting: VRPs not only provide a more secure and cost effective replacement for Direct Debits and card payments, but they are also faster and less prone to error. Gone will be the days of mistakes due to manual form entry, delays with BACS payments (which take up to 3 days) and worry about data breaches (as cardholder data will not be collected or stored).
Minimise error
Mistakes made due to manual form entry can and unfortunately do happen, with cards often used as a back-up. But even then, credit cards can increase customer churn when they expire, are lost or stolen.
Increased security
With VRP, no credit or debit cards are required to make a payment, nor is there a need for businesses to collect or store confidential cardholder data on file. This makes VRP more secure for the customer, as no data can be intercepted by fraudsters. Also, it’s very easy to cancel mandates from either the bank or the PISP, meaning the consumer doesn't have to worry about leaving a credit card on file and forget about it. Businesses in turn don’t have to worry about data breaches, high card related fees, and the associated burden of Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) compliance. Instead, customers’ are securely connected to their bank’s website or app to pay by bank transfer.
EXAMPLE: Instead of a card on file, with VRP, a customer can connect their bank account to their Amazon account, only with rules to limit their spending based on their own preferences. The customer will be more secure and have a better experience, and businesses can receive funds faster and without concerns around cardholder data - win win.
With VRP, no credit or debit cards are required to make a payment, nor is there a need for businesses to collect or store confidential cardholder data on file.
Speed
Outdated systems such as the BACS system used for Direct Debits could really impact the potential of Sweeping. Often operating on a three working day cycle, a payment request is made on day one, with the funds debited and credited on day three. This means that any Sweeping instruction would have to be made three days in advance of when the funds are transferred (and even longer if the working days straddle a weekend or a Bank Holiday). We believe that this delay significantly undermines the ability to create valuable Sweeping propositions for the end customer.
Repayments
When it comes to repayments, there are some staggering benefits to using VRPs. At the moment, repayment plans rely on expensive Direct Debit payments. Direct Debits were never designed to allow money to move between people’s bank accounts - they were meant as a way for a merchant to take money from people with no restrictions. For Direct Debits to work for Sweeping, an Intermediary Account would be needed, which carries prohibitive costs - which are often passed onto the debtor as an additional charge. It’s made worse, because if the debtor has insufficient funds for the payment rather than being notified, the bank charges another fee. VRP stops this because the balance can be checked before the payment is triggered.
EXAMPLE: A repayment is due at the end of the month, but the customer is paid a day late, meaning there are insufficient funds and they will therefore incur a charge or go overdrawn. With Open Banking, there can be a balance check first to ensure funds are available. Moreover, the missing income can be flagged and everyone involved alerted (with consent from the consumer) to wait an additional day and try again.
When combined with Account Information Services, we see even more innovation, as repayments can dynamically increase when spare cash is available and the consumer has consented to pay off their debts as quickly as possible, even building up credit should they need to take a payment holiday.
EXAMPLE: Any unused money at the end of the month, can be spotted automatically and the customer offered the option to automatically sweep the extra money to pay off any outstanding debt. Most lenders are comfortable with overpayment, and some even allow a payment holiday based on any previous overpayment made. Sweeping left over money can help repay debts quicker or build a safety net for months with unexpected bills or outgoings.
Savings
Sweeping has the potential to revolutionise the savings world. Through VRPs, you can sweep spare cash into savings, pensions or investments, and interest rates on savings can be maximised to reach saving goals sooner. Loans can also be repaid quicker, reducing the cost of debt, while funds can be swept into different pots to enable consumers to budget more effectively. The individual can set up rules with interventions, for example, when a pending recurring payment is due that might mean Sweeping is not the right thing to do. In the future, we believe it should be possible for money to be swept to a charity, house mate or family member - something that banks should already be championing, but aren't.
EXAMPLE: A customer who lives in shared accommodation is asked by their flatmate for their share towards the payment of a gas bill. With VRP, it is easy to trigger a payment that automatically sweeps the money from all involved parties, into the account of the person who paid - all on the same day the money came out. This means that nobody is out of pocket, and the house remains harmonious.
“It’s important to understand that it’s all about the rules which can be wrapped around VRP that trigger the innovation. To date, consumers rely on banks to do what is right. In the future, automated money management will be determined by the consumer or business who the money belongs to.”
VRPs and Sweeping form an exciting relationship to make personal finances run more effectively, encourage easier saving and ultimately make money work harder for the individual.
What’s next?
The team at Moneyhub passionately believe in innovating for the benefit of the end customer, and helped develop the Open Banking Standards we use today. But we don’t want to stop there. VRP paves the way for the development of payment innovation and the creation of new financial services propositions that truly put customers first - we will be championing their use, and encourage you to do the same and join the consultation process.
We’ve made our response public in advance of the deadline to encourage the wider community to utilise the response and add their own voice to the consultation. All consultation responses are due by 12pm GMT on 4th December and must be submitted by the online Consultation Survey only.